Hands Across the Oceans

1  How to Avoid Plagiarism

http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/QPA_plagiarism.html

2   Effective Academic Writing/The Argument

http://wrt-howard.syr.edu/Handouts/Argument.html#1

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/argument.html

3  Critical Thinking

http://www.rpi.edu/web/writingcenter/critique.html

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/write/handouts/critthk.html

4  Critiques

http://wrt-howard.syr.edu/Handouts/Critique.html

5  Academic Word List

http://www.vuw.ac.nz/lals/research/awl/awlinfo.html/

6  Hedging and Mitigated Claims

http://www.uefap.co.uk/writing/exercise/feature/hedgeex.htm

www.sussex.ac.uk/langc/skills/hedging.html

7  Summaries

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/summary.html

http://www.cwss.moe.edu.sg/library/library/detail.asp?record=2148404589

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/resarch/r_quotprsum.html

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/write/handouts/summary.html

8  Structure of Paragraphs and Thesıs Statements

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/paragraphs.html

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/thesis.html

http://www.rpi.edu/web/writingcenter/thesis.html

http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/thesistatement.html

9  Referencing

http://www.apastyle.org/index.html

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/apa.html

10  Paraphrasing

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/write/handouts.paraphrasing.html

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research

http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/parallelism.htm

11  Citations and Quotations

http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPACitations_Add.html

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/quotations.html

12  Argument Logic, Analysis and Criticism

http://www.sussex.ac.uk/languages/1-6-8.html

13  Logical Conclusions and Fallacies

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/general/gl_logiconEX1.html

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/general/gl_fallacies.html

14  Essay Exams

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/essay-exams.html

15  Review and Model Argumentative Essay

http://personal.ecu.edu/tedescol/responsetips.htm

16  Exlanations about Types of Essays

http://www2.actden.com/writ_den/tips/essay/index.htm

17  Research Essays

http://www.eslnetworld.com/intro.htm

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/write/handouts/research.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/index.shtml

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/index.html

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/internet/resources/fieldsnz.html

A  Introduction

Briefly discuss what is meant by the word outline. Outlines are used by writers to work out plans for their paragraphs and essays. In 101, you will develop your knowledge of outlining by outlining the reading passages at the end of this book.

B  Points to Remember

The main points to remember when making an outline are to:

1 Delete all the articles (a, an and the)

2 Delete the helping words (will, shall, must, may, might, can, could, is, are, has, have)

3 Find the main points and supporting details

4 Leave out irrelevant or repeated information

5 Present the ideas in a logical order, going from the most general to the most specific

6 Use headings and subheadings to show main ideas

7 Use the standard format for outlining – see below

8 Use abbreviations and symbols where possible

9 The first part of the outline should be a definition

C  Rules for Writing Outlines

The rules for writing an outline are as follows:

1 The title must be centered

2 Headings: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VII, IX, X

3 Sub-points: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H

4 Sub-sub points: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

5 Sub-sub-sub points a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j

Or (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8)

6 Sub-sub-sub-sub points i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix, x

7 Sub-sub-sub-sub-sub points ai, aii, aiii, aiv, av, avi, avii, avii, aix, ax

8 Remember to indent when you write the letters and numbers that show the points and sub-points

Exercise 1 - An Example of an Outline

Look at the skeleton of the following outline for countries in the European Union, and decide what headings and subheadings you are going to include in it. Then add information for the U.K. and Germany following the same order.

Title:  EU Countries

I Definition:

II European Union:

  A

     1

     2

        a

        b

           i

           ii

  B

 C

 D

III Germany

IV UK

Exercise 2 - An Example of an Outline

Now choose a topic and make up an outline following the rules mentioned above.

Exercise 3 - Outlining

If you need more practice, you can make up an outline for one of the paragraphs or pages in one of your textbooks.

Exercise 4 - Internet Activities

A If you go to http://www.english-zone.com/index.html, you will find information about outlines and writing paragraphs.

B If you go to http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/outlines.shtml,you will find information about making up outlines. Read the information, then download a reading passage from the Internet, and make up your own outline. If this is too easy, download 2 passages and make up an outline based on the information in the 2 texts. Suggested topics: vertebrates, animals, fish, software, industries, automobile industry, automobiles, science. (The list is endless!!). When you do your research essay, you will need to make an outline using information from 3 sources. When you prepare your presentation, you will need to use more than one source too.

C If you go to http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/mla/outlines.shtml, you will find the MLA layout for outlines which is a little different from the layout above. If you are going to study in the USA, ask which form your bibliography is supposed to use. The ones used in the UK are sometimes different.

A Introduction

When you are reading or listening, you are constantly working out what is true and what is false. What do you know about the following topics?

1  Superstitions

2  Conspiracy Theories

3  Da Vinci Code

4  Angels

5  UFOs

6  Traditional Medicine

7  ESP

8  Ghosts

9  Bermuda Triangle

10  A film that pretends to tell the truth

B Mini Presentation

For the next class, you must search the Internet to find out more information about one of the topics above that interests you. You will then tell your class about it. When you are researching, try to work out what are facts and what is fiction regarding your topic.  Make up a table with the following headers and then fill in the boxes.

1  Topic

2  URL or website address

3  Notes

4  Fact

5  Fiction