When you write your bibliography or sources, you must write them in the correct way. Your teacher will tell you which method to use.

A  Encyclopedia

"Title of article". Name of encyclopedia. Date of publication.

"Animal Ecology." Encyclopedia Britannica. 1990 ed.

B  Book

Author (last name, first name). Title. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.

Commoner, Bernard. Science and Survival. New York: Viking Press, 1966.

C  Book with Joint Authors

Authors (last name, first name, and first name, initial, last name. Title. Place: Publisher. Date.

Lewis, Theodore, and Lawrence R. Taylor. Introduction to Experimental Ecology. New York: Academic Press, 1967.

D   Sources from Internet

Author’s last name, initials. Year. Full title of work (specific web page). Title of complete work. Full URL. Specify date you accessed the site.

Brown, G. Living in the 21^st Century. 2002 Http://www.thethirdway. (June 2003).

European digital library, an online collection of Europe’s cultural heritage.

When you make up your presentations, you must include a slide with your sources when you complete your PowerPoint presentation.

If you use more than one source, you must write them in alphabetical order.

1  Encyclopedia

“Title of article”. Name of encyclopedia. Date of publication.

“Animal Ecology.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 1990 ed.

2  Book

Author (last name, first name). Title. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.

Commoner, Bernard. Science and Survival. New York: Viking Press, 1966.

3  Book with Joint Authors

Authors (last name, first name, and first name, initial, last name. Title. Place: Publisher. Date.

Lewis, Theodore, and Lawrence R. Taylor. Introduction to Experimental Ecology. New York: Academic Press, 1967.

4  Sources from Internet

Author’s last name, initials. Year. Full title of work (specific web page). Title of complete work. Full URL. Specify date you accessed the site.

Brown, G. Living in the 21^st Century. 2002

Http://www.thethirdway. (June 2003).

Paragraphs written by spring semester 141 classes.

My First Car  by Sheikha Mohamed

There are a lot of kinds, shapes, colours and sizes of cars.  When somebody wants to buy a car, he or she will think a lot about which kind of car he or she will buy.  I will buy an Infinity and it will be my first one, but I don’t think about the colour because there are a lot of nice colours.  I think I will be very happy when I buy it and I will like it.  I should follow the rules of the road then.  Finally, I think I will use it for a long time.

31st June 2005 by Sheikha Mohamed

The 31st June 2005 began and my family and I were worried about my results in high school.  Then I searched with my family on the Internet to see my results.  After that I saw them and I got a B, so I could study in the College of Social Sciences in Kuwait University.  I hugged my mother and we were crying and happy at the same time.  Then, I hugged my father, sisters and brothers, and we were all happy about this result.  After that, I went with my mother and bought sweets, before going to my grandmother’s home.  My mother threw sweets and the children there collected them.  Finally, my family said "Congratulations" to me and after that my parents, aunts and uncle gave me nice presents.

My Favourite Buildings in Kuwait by Hessa, Nawal, Athbeya and Wadha

Entertainment City

Entertainment City was built in Doha and was opened officially in 1984.  It contains three worlds:  Arabic World, Future World and International World.  Sharq Market was opened in 1998.  It is situated within easy reach of Kuwait City and Salmiya.  This market is the most famous one in Kuwait. 

Kuwait Towers

Kuwait Towers are a symbol of Kuwait and our culture.  They were built in 1979.  They lie on Arabian Gulf Road.  They are used for entertainment and water storage.

Liberation Tower

Liberation Tower is located in Kuwait City.  It was opened on the 15th March 1996.  It is used for communications.

The Best Person in the World by Alia Al-Radaan

The best person in the world was Baba Jaber, the Prince of Hearts, the former Emir of Kuwait.  He is the best, at least for me and for all Kuwaitis.  He always took care of us by improving our education and way of learning, our health services, our jobs, and our salaries.  He also helped other people (non-Kuwaitis) by giving help to other countries and the poor people in the world.  We really miss him.

The Best Person in the World by Nora Adel

The best person in the world is my mother.  How great a  mother she is.  She is the greatest mother in all the world.  I consider her to be a mother, sister, and father.  She helps me and gives me advice when I need it.  Also, she takes care of me and my family.  Although she works, she cooks and cleans without being bored.  She looks after me when I am sick and she becomes like medicine to my mind and body.  This shows that she is kind-hearted and affectionate.  In addition, she is patient, generous and kind.  Finally, I appreciate all the things that she does for me and my family.  I hope I can repay her marvelous work in the future (or soon).  All my love and best wishes go to the mothers of the world.

Money  by Ebtisam

Money is a weapon with two sides:  it can bring happiness, but sometimes it brings sadness.  When it brings happiness, it lasts for a short time in people’s lives,  because when someone wins a lot of money, he or she will feel happy for a short time or for a few days.  Then he or she will definitely return to his or her original feelings.  However when someone is rich and has a lot of money because he or she was born with it, he or she will use it as if nothing strange has happened.  Money can bring sadness.  For example when someone wins 1,000,000KD, he or she might feel shocked and can’t believe his or her eyes and he or she might suffer heavy breathing or a heart attack.  By the way, people keep making mistakes when using money because they might prefer it to other people, will not give any importance to them and will not care about them either, so I think money is evil and an angel too.  When it brings happiness it is an angel, but when it brings sadness, it is called evil.

1. Write the first sentence (the topic sentence or thesis sentence).

2. Pick out main ideas.

3. Delete sub-points and examples.

4. Delete irrelevant information.

5. Include everything that is important.

6. Answer the six questions: who, what, when, where, why, how.

7. Use your own words.

8. Follow the order of the original article.

9. Do not plagiarise anyone else’s work.

You will find useful exercises for summarising, if you click on this link.

141 Sections 5 and 62 Fall Semester 2007 – 2008

There are Many Uses of the Internet by Latifa Mubarek

The Internet is one of the fastest technologies nowadays. Everyone should have a computer and use the Internet for many reasons. First, if you don’t know about it, you can’t keep up with the world around you. Second, the Internet makes our life much easier and more comfortable. Third, the Internet saves us time because, with just a click, we can get whatever we want. In addition, work on it is a lot of fun for anyone. Furthermore, there are millions of websites for all, no matter if he or she is old or young, a boy or a girl. It has every thing and makes everyone satisfied. Finally, it is important for humanity and helps make our lives easy , comfortable and fun. I advise everyone who doesn’t know how to use it to practice and know how to work with it to keep up with the world.

The Internet by Abrar Mohamed

The Internet is a way by which you can travel to wherever you like without using your legs, but only your fingers. It’s also a source of unlimited information that you may need. There are many uses of the Internet. You can connect to outside countries and know different people of different nationalities. You can know about these countries’ cultures, languages and even their way of behaving. Moreover, the Internet can be used for shopping, e.g. buying clothes, games, books and even electronics. In addition, it helps people to have fun and fill up their free time by buying lots of games and by chatting. Finally, it is a wide world web that be used in positive or negative ways, so I advise everyone to use this means of communication positively.

Traveling around the World

Traveling around the world has various benefits. First, it can help you know other countries’ cultures, beliefs and their lifestyle. Second, when you travel to a country, you must at least be able to know the basic words, so you can deal with the people there. This may improve one’s self confidence, social skills, and maybe start new relationships. In addition, traveling is a good way of having fun and feeling comfortable, so if you live in a hot country, and you travel to a cold one, you will have the feeling of refreshment and happiness. I think it is a way of changing your mood. Finally, I think you should travel to any country you feel you will like and have fun there.

Ibn Battuta by Latifa Mohamed

Ibn Battuta was one of the greatest travelers in the world. He was called Abu Abdullah Mohamed Ibn Battuta, and was born on the 25th February, 1304, in Morocco, his country. Later he began to travel in 1325 and went on haj to Mecca first. Then he went to India, Indonesia, Central Asia and East Africa. He traveled 117,000 km. In 1377, Ibn Battuta died in Marrakesh, Morocco. Finally, after many years, his book “Rihla” was translated into western languages. in the 1800s.

The Benefits of Traveling to Other Countries by Mohamed Adel

Traveling has a lot of benefits which can make you seem to be a genius with your friends. First, when you travel to other countries, you can speak other languages and see and know about many cultures and the traditions of the countries you visit. Also, if you travel, you can enjoy your time and sometimes you can lose weight. You will be healthy from walking too much. In the end, I hope to travel to France to see the Eiffel Tower and visit the old museums.

The Benefits of Traveling to Other Countries by Abdulrahman Aziz

There are many benefits of traveling to other countries. First, when you travel, you learn about that country’s culture by going to the museums and also seeing the streets. Second, you will spend your time doing good things and having fun. Third, you will see new places in the country you visit. Next, you will improve your language or you will learn or know new languages from the people there when you meet them and know about how they live. Finally, you will know about the history of that country by meeting people and going to places that will show you its history. In my opinion, those are the benefits of traveling to other countries.

Benefits of Traveling by Bader Nouri

Traveling to other countries has many benefits. First, if you travel, you can learn how to communicate with other people. Second, when you travel, you can see many beautiful places. Third, traveling helps you know about other people’s cultures. You can also learn their language. Moreover, people travel to enjoy themselves, while some people travel to feel comfortable and be joyful. Finally, you can buy things that you can’t find in your own country.

The Benefits of Traveling to Other Countries by Ali Basel

Today I’m going to talk about the benefits of traveling to other countries. First, you will learn more about new cultures and customs. Second, you will meet new people. Third, you will communicate with people and learn more about them. Finally, you will visit new places, but the most important thing is that you can improve your English.

Learning by Traveling by Aqeel Mostafa

Traveling is a form of getting out of the household which the person lives in and into another place outside the country by a variety of means of transportation, like cars, airplanes, buses, ships, and animals. When someone stays in one place for too long, he or she becomes more and more predictable, so one of the benefits of traveling, especially abroad, is getting away from a predictable lifestyle and becoming a mystery to others, because I personally hate it when someone or anyone knows what I am going to do. Sometimes all that a predictable person wants is to have the element of surprise. There are many other benefits of traveling, like getting a chance to practice a foreign language, if one has a background in it, and one can learn about the habits of the other countries and maybe take some of them back with him if they are acceptable in the society where he lives. There are many other benefits of traveling, but the most important one is to get to know other people and make new friends, because there is nothing more important than knowing that you have someone out there who will be there for you in your hour of need, In conclusion, if someone wants to travel, he or she will have to prepare himself or herself for many adventures, whether small or big.

The Benefits of Traveling to Other Countries by Ahmed Saleh

Most people love traveling to other countries and prefer to travel abroad more than to stay at home. Traveling has a lot of benefits and advantages that I will talk about. First, it is the best way to relax and be away from the routines of life. Second, it’s a great chance for shopping, especially for women. Third, some people like to identify other people’s cultures and their customs and also maybe their language. Fourth, some students like to join foreign universities that have good educational systems. Fifth, if you have a fortune and want to improve it, try investing it in foreign companies in other countries. Finally, my advice to everybody is to try traveling abroad to explore other cultures and have a nice rest in one of the countries in our great world.

Traveling to Other Countries by Fahad Ahmed

There are many benefits of traveling to other countries. First, you can meet new people and new friends, so that you can learn about new customs and traditions. Second, you can visit tourist places, like museums, mountains and restaurants. There are also many things to learn from the people about their way of living and their celebrities, if they have any. You can tell them about your culture and about your customs. Finally, you can make good friendships with the people there. Finally, I advise you to travel to any country to learn about it, teach the people there about your culture, and invite them to your country.

Traveling to Other Countries by Fahad Al Aradi

Traveling around the world is the most exciting thing, in my opinion. We can go everywhere in the world and to any country. Nowadays it is much easier to go to any country by getting a visa. There are many benefits to traveling to other countries, like communicating with others and knowing a lot about other cultures and different people in different countries. Second, traveling makes me increase my English and helps me speak it well by communicating with others. Many people start a small project by importing things and ideas from the country which they have visited. Finally, I take many useful ideas and habits from every country I visit, e.g. different lifestyles, and I also make others know a lot about my country by talking about it.

Traveling to Other Countries by Mishari Adel

Nowadays, people in this world like to travel, and it is the favorite hobby of many people. We must know that there are seven benefits that a person can learn when traveling. Some of these are: learning a new language and some nice vocabulary, so traveling helps us to communicate with others. We can know about new food, e.g. when someone travels to Japan, he can taste Japanese food, or Italian and American food in Italy and America. The best benefit is that when we travel, we can know about their traditions, for example what they wear and what their routines. Finally, I advise all who read this paragraph to travel anywhere to have some new benefits.

The Best Day of My Life by Bedour Bader

My graduation from secondary school was the best day of my life. On this day, my dream came true. I passed all of my exams and I got high marks, so that I could go to the university. My father held a big party. He invited all of our relatives and friends. They brought flowers and presents for me. All the family were proud of me. My mother bought me a pink dress. We spent a lovely time singing and laughing. When I remember that day, my heart leaps with happiness.

The Benefits of Using Laptops by Gadeer Jassim

Using a laptop has many benefits. First, the laptop is a very useful device. It has become more accurate than many computers. Second, it is small and fast, so it is very easy to carry it anywhere and we can use it in shops, offices and the university. Third, it helps us to solve many problems. We can do a lot of work anywhere. Moreover, we can keep a lot of information in its memory. Finally, it is a very careful device that never makes mistakes. I advise everyone to buy a new, small laptop. It is a wonderful invention.

The Best Day of My Life by Bedour Bader

My graduation from secondary school was the best day of my life. On this day, my dream came true. I passed all of my exams and I got high marks, so that I could go to the university. My father held a big party. He invited all of our relatives and friends. They brought flowers and presents for me. All the family were proud of me. My mother bought me a pink dress. We spent a lovely time singing and laughing. When I remember that day, my heart leaps with happiness.

The Benefits of Using Laptops by Gadeer Jassim

Using a laptop has many benefits. First, the laptop is a very useful device. It has become more accurate than many computers. Second, it is small and fast, so it is very easy to carry it anywhere and we can use it in shops, offices and the university. Third, it helps us to solve many problems. We can do a lot of work anywhere. Moreover, we can keep a lot of information in its memory. Finally, it is a very careful device that never makes mistakes. I advise everyone to buy a new, small laptop. It is a wonderful invention.

Laptops by Anwar Fahad

The laptop is a useful invention. I use it in many places. First, I can get more information, I can also communicate with another person, and I can use it for my studies. Second, I can spend my free time in a good way. Also, I can learn more about other cultures and different subjects. Moreover, I can finish all my homework by using it. Finally, I can enter Internet websites to find out about many things. I advise everybody to use it because it is easy to use.

 

Where are Kuwait towers? This  is the first question every visitor to Kuwait asks. The answer is that they are on the coast, overlooking the town near Dasman Palace.

 

The towers were designed by Sune Lindstrom and Malen Bojorn and were built by Enrigo Project – a company from Belgrade, Serbia.

 

They opened to the public in March 1979 and were damaged by the soldiers of Saddam Hussein, who aimed to demolish them.  In 1991, after the Liberation of Kuwait, the Kuwaitis repaired the damage.

 

The three towers are all made of concrete.  The first one is 140 meters tall and supports a water holding sphere.  The second tower is 180 meters tall and it also carries a restaurant and cafeteria.  The third tower has no sphere.  It is used for lighting and holds 4,500 cubic meters of water which then flows into homes and businesses in Kuwait City.

 

The design is excellent, being both very modern and very Arabic at the same time. The view is indeed quite stunning, and it is a symbol of how even the smallest nations can build great things that leave a great impression.

The students in Kuwait are working on forming questions in their grammar classes and have these questions for our sister classes.

1  What’s the weather like in your country?

2  What are your favourite movies?

3  How’’s life in your country?

4  What are your favourite traditions?

5  What languages do people in your country speak?

6  Do people speak Arabic in your country?

7  Are there any Moslems in your country?

8  How old are the students in your class?

9  What are your favourite subjects?

10 What are the names of some of your holidays?

11 What are your favourite hobbies?

12 What nationality are you?

13 What languages do you speak?

14 What  is your college or school like?

15 What do people do at the weekend in your country?

16 Do children have to go to school in your country?

17 What are the most famous sites in your country?

18 What is the name of your president?

19 What are the names of the favourite places that people go to in your country?

20 Do you want an email pal from Kuwait?

Weekends in Kuwait by Nora Adel

   People do many things at the weekend in Kuwait. They can go shopping in the beautiful, modern malls (shopping centers) or in the traditional shops. Also, they can enjoy walking or doing exercises in front of the beach or on the walkways. In addition, they can go to cinemas with their families or their friends to enjoy watching different movies. More over, they can go to different restaurants to eat a variety of food.

   They can spend a beautiful time with their friends anywhere from this list:

• Entertainment City.
• Sailing, diving or fishing.
• Playing games or sports.
• Joining a club or institution.
• Going to a coffee shop.
• Practicing their hobbies such as collecting stamps, photographing, designig, etc.

   Finally, people here in Kuwait look like other people in other countries. They do activities like others, and they have technology like others, so, in my opinion, there are no differences between us, but maybe organizing our priorities and activities are the difference between us.

A  Introduction

Briefly discuss what is meant by the word outline. Outlines are used by writers to work out plans for their paragraphs and essays. In 101, you will develop your knowledge of outlining by outlining the reading passages at the end of this book.

B  Points to Remember

The main points to remember when making an outline are to:

1 Delete all the articles (a, an and the)

2 Delete the helping words (will, shall, must, may, might, can, could, is, are, has, have)

3 Find the main points and supporting details

4 Leave out irrelevant or repeated information

5 Present the ideas in a logical order, going from the most general to the most specific

6 Use headings and subheadings to show main ideas

7 Use the standard format for outlining – see below

8 Use abbreviations and symbols where possible

9 The first part of the outline should be a definition

C  Rules for Writing Outlines

The rules for writing an outline are as follows:

1 The title must be centered

2 Headings: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VII, IX, X

3 Sub-points: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H

4 Sub-sub points: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

5 Sub-sub-sub points a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j

Or (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8)

6 Sub-sub-sub-sub points i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix, x

7 Sub-sub-sub-sub-sub points ai, aii, aiii, aiv, av, avi, avii, avii, aix, ax

8 Remember to indent when you write the letters and numbers that show the points and sub-points

Exercise 1 – An Example of an Outline

Look at the skeleton of the following outline for countries in the European Union, and decide what headings and subheadings you are going to include in it. Then add information for the U.K. and Germany following the same order.

Title:  EU Countries

I Definition:

II European Union:

  A

     1

     2

        a

        b

           i

           ii

  B

C

D

III Germany

IV UK

Exercise 2 – An Example of an Outline

Now choose a topic and make up an outline following the rules mentioned above.

Exercise 3 – Outlining

If you need more practice, you can make up an outline for one of the paragraphs or pages in one of your textbooks.

Exercise 4 – Internet Activities

A If you go to http://www.english-zone.com/index.html, you will find information about outlines and writing paragraphs.

B If you go to http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/outlines.shtml,you will find information about making up outlines. Read the information, then download a reading passage from the Internet, and make up your own outline. If this is too easy, download 2 passages and make up an outline based on the information in the 2 texts. Suggested topics: vertebrates, animals, fish, software, industries, automobile industry, automobiles, science. (The list is endless!!). When you do your research essay, you will need to make an outline using information from 3 sources. When you prepare your presentation, you will need to use more than one source too.

C If you go to http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/mla/outlines.shtml, you will find the MLA layout for outlines which is a little different from the layout above. If you are going to study in the USA, ask which form your bibliography is supposed to use. The ones used in the UK are sometimes different.